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市中心的集中贫困和居住区的贫穷:1970-1990,行政管理外文翻译
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译文字数: 13961 字 (节选翻译) 译文格式: Doc.docx (Word) 更新时间: 2017-11-28
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市中心的集中贫困和居住区的贫穷:1970-1990,城市贫困,社会保障,就业,行政管理外文翻译

译文(字数:13961):
市中心的集中贫困和居住区的贫穷:1970-1990
约翰 D. Kasarda 北卡罗莱那州大学
摘要
在全国的 100个最大的中心城市,1970年,1980年和1990年人口普查所得的大量数据被用来鉴定贫困街区,极端贫困街区,贫穷街区以及严重贫穷街区。这些 街区在人口统计和社会经济等方面参数的改变被记录下来,其中包括种族或人种的组成、贫穷人口的密度、辍学率、失业率、单亲家庭以及社会保障收入等方面。结 果显示尽管有个别东北的城市情况有所好转(尤其是纽约、 纽瓦克 和费城),但城市和地区的贫困仍然在1980 和 1990间在全国范围内恶化。最严重的恶化发生在中西部城市,特别是底特律。南部地区的城市在七十年代有所改进但在八十年代又有下滑。西部地区城市的情况 同样变得恶化。而在八十年代不断在贫民区增加的黑人人口标志着黑人比白人和拉美后裔人的境遇更差。

原文(单词数:8508):
Inner-City Concentrated Poverty and
Neighborhood Distress: 1970 to 1990
John D. Kasarda
University of North Carolina
Abstract
Tract-level data from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 censuses of population are used to identify poverty neighborhoods, extreme poverty neighborhoods, distressed neighborhoods, and severely distressed neighborhoods within the nation’s 100 largest central cities. Changes in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of these neighborhoods are documented, including racial/ethnic
composition; poverty population concentration; school dropout rates; and rates of joblessness, single-parent households, and welfare receipt.
Results show that despite some encouraging individual city turnarounds in the Northeast (especially in New York, Newark, and Philadelphia), urban poverty concentration and neighborhood distress worsened nationwide between 1980 and 1990. The greatest deterioration occurred in midwestern cities, particularly in Detroit. Southern cities, whose neighborhoods and cities typically improved during the 1970s, slipped during the 1980s; conditions in western cities


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